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Prior to analysis this Narrative, students must read the Albany plan of Union Narrative. This Narrative need to be adhered to by the Wolfe at Quebec and the peace of 1763 Narrative.You are watching: Which statement best describes the french and indian war
The French and Indian battle was the climactic battle between good Britain and France for imperial regulate of phibìc America. The war started in 1754, as soon as a young Virginia militia officer called George Washington engaged in a skirmish v a party of French soldiers, and it finished six years later when the governor-general of new France surrendered to a British military at Montreal. The problem was component of a much larger worldwide struggle well-known as the 7 Years’ war that began in 1756 and ended in 1763 among Britain, France, and several other European nations. Return the French and Indian war was only one of several Anglo-French conflicts in north America, the was exceptional for the scale and its affect on the stays of American Indians and colonists.
Unlike countless earlier Anglo-French wars, the French and Indian battle originated in phibìc America, in a remote an ar known together the Ohio country. In the early on 1750s, this land ended up being the center of a three-way contest among American Indians, the French, and also the British. A loosened confederacy of Indian nations overcame by the Delawares, Shawnees, and Senecas populated the Ohio country after migrating from various other regions taken end by colonists. Over there they uncovered a new homeland wealthy with herbal resources, particularly the animals that provided the hair trade. British and French traders competed with each various other for this business. The ind generally wanted British trade goods, which were cheaper and much more plentiful, yet they had much better relations v the French due to the fact that of brand-new France’s effective missionary work and also diplomacy among Indian nations living along the great Lakes. Nevertheless of their preference for the French or British, the Ohio Indians mutual a typical desire to save European soldiers and settlers the end of their territory.
Tensions in the Ohio country heated up in 1753, when the French sent troops to fortify the i from Lake Erie to the Ohio River. This relocate was intended come cement the French insurance claim to the an ar and to open up a course through the inner of the continent that would affix the French nests in Canada and also Louisiana. Virginia and also Pennsylvania had actually their very own designs ~ above the Ohio country. Hair traders from both swarms were energetic there, and also both claimed the Ohio nation by right of their original royal charters. Pennsylvania, which lacked a militia due to the fact that of the Quaker origins, was sluggish to mobilize versus the French, however Virginia acted an ext forcefully. That governor, Robert Dinwiddie, was an investors in the Ohio Company, a group of entrepreneurs that hoped to profit by opened western lands to settlers. As soon as he learned that the French were occupying the Ohio country, he sent out twenty-one-year-old militia officer George Washington to journey them out.
In his first mission come the Ohio nation in 1753, Washington ceded a diplomatic warning come the French, telling them they to be encroaching on british territory. The French officers he met politely rebuffed him, and also he was disturbed by the efforts he witnessed among the French to victory over the Ohio Indians, including his own guide, an prominent Seneca named Tanaghrisson. In spring 1754, branch Dinwiddie sent Washington back to the Ohio country, this time v an army of 2 hundred militiamen and orders to protect Virginia’s case to the Forks the the Ohio (modern Pittsburgh). For a guide, Washington again relied ~ above Tanaghrisson, who led him come a party of French soldiers close to the british encampment.
In an ill-advised surprised dawn attack, Washington and also his men killed several French soldiers and wounded their commander, Ensign Joseph Coulon de Jumonville. Washington believed he had prevented a French attack on his very own men, but Jumonville insisted he had only to be on a diplomatic mission, carrying a message from his command at the French post Fort Duquesne. His protests were cut quick when Tanaghrisson stepped forward and killed him through a tomahawk punch to his skull, a move most likely intended to pressure the British into a more aggressive stance versus the French.
After Jumonville’s death, a shaken Washington had his men build a stockade that he named ft Necessity, in anticipation that a counterattack from fort Duquesne. A superior force of French soldiers and also Indian warriors shortly surrounded the outnumbered and also inexperienced Americans. The French and also Indians fired on the garrison from extended positions, demoralizing Washington’s men and exhausting his supplies. Washington chose his only option to be to surrender, and also he asserted he unwittingly signed short articles of capitulation, composed in French, that described him as responsible because that the “assassination” the Jumonville. This inadvertent admission ended up being the basis because that the French declaration of war versus Britain.
This sculpture by an unknown artist depicts an night council of George Washington at ft Necessity. Take it a closer look at the details the artist includes. Who is attending the council? What resources are easily accessible to Washington and his men?
In 1755, the British returned to the Ohio country, this time through an army of regulars and also colonists commanded by basic Edward Braddock, whom Washington offered as one aide-de-camp. Braddock intended to lay siege to fort Duquesne and then move north to attack the French at fort Niagara, i m sorry guarded the i from Canada come the Ohio country. Encumbered by artillery and a it is provided train, Braddock’s troops slowly reduced a road through dense wilderness from ft Cumberland ~ above the grape max River toward ft Duquesne. After cross the Monongahela flow on the morning that July 9, Braddock’s army collided through a French and Indian pressure that took advantage of high ground and also cover provided by the surrounding forest to rain your fire ~ above the British. Braddock suffered a deadly wound and Washington directly escaped fatality himself. The damage of Braddock’s military left the Ohio country firmly in manage of the French. Ind allied through the French introduced a terrible war versus settlements follow me the Appalachian frontier from Pennsylvania come Virginia.
For the following three years, the british struggled to gain back their place in the Ohio country. Advocated to colonel of a regiment of Virginia soldiers, Washington functioned feverishly to construct fortifications and restore security along the frontier. Like numerous other early american Americans, the disliked the British policy that provided seniority to British army officers over American officers, nevertheless of their particular ranks. In 1758, that worked very closely with British basic John Forbes as Forbes to plan a brand-new expedition right into the Ohio country. Washington want Forbes to monitor Braddock’s course west, yet Forbes decided instead to reduced a brand-new road west indigenous the Susquehanna River. This path favored Pennsylvania’s claim to the Ohio country, and also Washington resented Forbes for it.
In November 1758, Forbes’s military forced the French to abandon ft Duquesne, yet Washington took tiny pleasure in the victory and also soon went back to his home at mountain Vernon come resume his civilian life. Over the food of 5 years, he had actually learned much around military leadership and also frontier warfare, however his ambitions to become a commissioned officer in the british regular army had been thwarted more often than assisted by his brothers superiors. The had additionally lost several battles in the early part of the war, however nonetheless, he emerged as a war hero through a growing continental reputation.
Shortly after Forbes’s victory, the British constructed Fort Pitt ~ above the damages of ft Duquesne. This act, along with the brother occupation of various other French short articles in the great Lakes region, angered the Ohio Indians since they had been promised in 1758 that the British would certainly evacuate their homelands after ~ the war was won. The Indians were now totally dependent top top the British for their profession goods, and also the roads built by Braddock and Forbes became routes for inhabitants to move into the region.
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Violence erupted in 1763 once Indians transparent the good Lakes struck western brother posts and settlements. This conflict, called Pontiac’s battle after the Ottawa chief that led the siege that Detroit, brought about the brother to worry the Proclamation of 1763, i beg your pardon prohibited land sales and settlement west of the Appalachians and also kept soldiers stationed on the frontier to reclaim peace between Indians and colonists. That plan compounded the frustrations of homesteaders such together George Washington, who thought the Crown was denying them accessibility to the lands they had helped conquer and also had been promised as a bounty for their war service. Britain had actually won the French and Indian War and driven the French the end of phibìc America, but as a result, its empire suffered inner tensions that were to cause revolution. Great Britain also amassed a massive war debt throughout the conflict and also expected the colonies to start paying much more taxes together a re-superstructure of your defense.