Crossing over is a process that occurs during the meiosis (prophase 1) and represents the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. As a result of this process new recombinant chromosomes (new allelic combinations in the daughter cells) are formed. Crossing over is a source of genetic variation.
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Crossing over
Explanation:
At Late Prophase I of meiosis homologous chromosomes are pair by synapsis, and lie side by side to form a bivalent.
Genetic components present in each homologue crossed to the other at the point of contacts of the arms of chromosomes(chiasmata) with each other. The arms or parts of the chromatids may break and rejoined with the other chromatids, aiding mix up. The point of the exchange of genetic material is called chiasma. plura chiasmata,
Therefore genetic materials from the two bivalent pair get exchanged or mixed with one another. This is called crossing over. And it forms the basis of chromosomes recombination because assuming the sister chromatids (bivalent)were from fathers and mothers, the exchange of genetic materials ensures chromosomes shuffles which gives rooms for variation
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