Copper (II) oxide, likewise known together cupric oxide or the mineral tenorite, is an inorganic compound offered as precursor or raw product in the production of chemical commodities that contain copper.
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Formula and structure: Copper (II) sulfate chemistry formula is CuO and also its molar mass is 79.55 g mol-1. The molecule is formed by one Cu2+ cation bond come a oxygen anion O2-. The cystral framework is a monoclinic crystal device with a copper atom combination by 4 oxygen ions. Its chemistry structure deserve to be written as below, in the common representations used for organic molecules.
Occurrence: Copper (II) oxide is discovered in nature as being part of the mineral tenorite and also it is extracted with the traditional mining techniques.
Preparation: although copper (II) oxide can be found in nature, that is not extracted in a huge scale, so that commercial synthesis of this link is required. The CuO is ready through the reaction the copper metal and oxygen gas in ~ high temperature >500 °C:
2 Cu + O2 → 2 CuO
Physical properties: Copper (II) oxide is a black color to dark brown powder. The oxide thickness is 6.31 g mL-1. The melting suggest is 1326 °C , if the boiling suggest is 2000 °C. It is no soluble in water, although the is soluble in ammonium chloride and also potassium cyanide solutions. That is also insoluble in ethanol.
Chemical properties: due to the volume of copper (II) oxide to act together an oxidizing agent, it can be provided in the treatment of hazardous materials as the really toxic cyanide or halogenated hydrocarbons. The residual water of the reactions, that incorporate copper metal, deserve to be getting rid of in a safe way. The key reactions are:
C6H5OH + 14CuO → 6CO2 + 3H2O + 14Cu
C6Cl5OH + 2H2O + 9CuO → 6CO2 + 5HCl + 9Cu
Uses: Cupric oxide is offered in the manufacturing of copper salts together the copper sulfates or copper nitrates. The is used in the production of dyes, pigments and paints because of the properties blue and also green color connected with the Cu2+ cation. It is likewise used in part batteries together the lithium-copper batteries.
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Health results / security hazards: Copper (II) oxide is no toxic come humans and also animals in short concentration. In part cases, it have the right to be uncovered in water. But in high concentration, it can be toxic for the aquatic life. It deserve to explode once heated through with powdered aluminum, anilinium perchlorate, hydrogen or magnesium.