Element Copper - Cu

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Copper is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Copper. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one"s studies.

You are watching: How many valence electrons are in copper

Copper Menu

Copper Page OneOverview of CopperCopper"s Name in Other LanguagesAtomic Structure of CopperChemical Properties of CopperPhysical Properties of CopperRegulatory / HealthWho/When/Where/HowCopper Page TwoNuclides / IsotopesPotential Parent NuclidesCopper Page ThreeCommon Chemical Compounds of Copper

Overview of Copper

Atomic Number: 29Group: 11Period: 4Series: Transition Metals

Copper"s Name in Other Languages

Latin: CuprumCzech: Měd´Croatian: BakarFrench: CuivreGerman: Kupfer - eItalian: RameNorwegian: KobberPortuguese: CobreRussian: МедьSpanish: CobreSwedish: KopparAtomic Structure of CopperAtomic Radius: 1.57ÅAtomic Volume: 7.1cm3/molCovalent Radius: 1.17ÅCross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σa/barns: 3.78Crystal Structure: Cubic face centered
*
Electron Configuration:1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s1Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,1Shell Model
*
Ionic Radius: 0.73ÅFilling Orbital: 3d10Number of Electrons (with no charge): 29Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 35Number of Protons: 29Oxidation States: 2,1Valence Electrons: 3d10 4s1

Chemical Properties of Copper

Electrochemical Equivalent: 1.1855g/amp-hrElectron Work Function: 4.65eVElectronegativity: 1.9 (Pauling); 1.75 (Allrod Rochow)Heat of Fusion: 13.05kJ/molIncompatibilities:Oxidizers, alkalis, sodium azide, acetyleneIonization PotentialFirst: 7.726Second: 20.292Third: 36.83Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 34

Physical Properties of Copper

Atomic Mass Average: 63.546Boiling Point: 2840K 2567°C 4653°FCoefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 16.5E-6ConductivityElectrical: 0.596 106/cm ΩThermal: 4.01 W/cmKDensity: 8.96g/cc
300KDescription: Reddish orange transition metal.Elastic Modulus:Bulk: 137.8/GPaRigidity: 48.3/GPaYoungs: 129.8/GPaEnthalpy of Atomization: 338.9 kJ/mole
25°CEnthalpy of Fusion: 13.01 kJ/moleEnthalpy of Vaporization: 304.6 kJ/moleFlammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust)Freezing Point: see melting pointHardness ScaleBrinell: 874 MN m-2Mohs: 3Vickers: 369 MN m-2Heat of Vaporization: 300.3kJ/molMelting Point: 1357.75K 1084.6°C 1984.3°FMolar Volume: 7.11 cm3/moleOptical Reflectivity: 90%Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): SolidSpecific Heat: 0.38J/gKVapor Pressure = 0.0505Pa
1084.6°C

Regulatory / Health

CAS Number7440-50-8RTECS: GL5325000NFPA 704Health: 2Fire: Reactivity:Special Hazard: OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)TWA: 1 mg/m3OSHA PEL Vacated 1989TWA: 1 mg/m3NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)TWA: 1 mg/m3IDLH: 100 mg/m3 Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contactTarget Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys (increase(d) risk with Wilson"s disease)Levels In Humans:Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.Blood/mg dm-3: 1.01Bone/p.p.m: 1-26Liver/p.p.m: 30Muscle/p.p.m: 10Daily Dietary Intake: 0.50-6 mgTotal Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 72 mg

Who / Where / When / How

Discoverer: Known to ancient civilizationDiscovery Location: UnknownDiscovery Year: UnknownName Origin:Latin: cyprium (island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines).Abundance of Copper:Earth"s Crust/p.p.m.: 50Seawater/p.p.m.: Atlantic Suface: 0.00008Atlantic Deep: 0.00012Pacific Surface: 0.00008Pacific Deep: 0.00028Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/ASun (Relative to H=1E12): 1.15Sources of Copper:Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. Usually copper found in such minerals as azurite, malachite and bornite and in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), coveline (CuS), chalcosine (Cu2S) or oxides like cuprite (Cu2O). Copper is obtained by smelting, leaching and by electrolysis. Annual world production is around 6,540,000 tons. Primary mining areas are in USA, Zaire, Zambia, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Russia and Australia.Uses of Copper:Most often used as an electrical conductor. Its alloys are used in jewelry, bronze sculptures and for coins. The skin of the Statue of Liberty is made of copper.Additional Notes:Copper is a very interesting element. It is one of the transition elements that actually uses electrons from one of the inner orbitals in chemical reactions. In addition, it has more than one oxidation state. Like many of the transition elements, copper has a colored ion. Copper typically forms a bluish green solution. Copper (Cu) has two valences Cu I (cuprous) has one valence electron and Cu II (cupric) has two valence electrons. Copper was one of the earliest known metals, having reportedly been mined for over 5000 years. In nature it has two isotopes, 63 (69.09%), which has 29 electrons and protons and 34 neutrons, and 65 (30.91%), which has 29 electrons and protons and 36 neutrons. Brass and bronze are alloys of copper.

Copper Menu

Copper Page OneOverview of CopperCopper"s Name in Other LanguagesAtomic Structure of CopperChemical Properties of CopperPhysical Properties of CopperRegulatory / HealthWho/When/Where/HowCopper Page TwoNuclides / IsotopesPotential Parent NuclidesCopper Page ThreeCommon Chemical Compounds of Copper

References

A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

Related Resources

Anatomy of the AtomAnswers many questions regarding the structure of atoms.Molarity, Molality and NormalityIntroduces stoichiometry and explains the differences between molarity, molality and normality.Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript CalculatorMolar mass calculations are explained and there is a JavaScript calculator to aid calculations.Chemical DatabaseThis database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Linking to this page

If you would like to link to this page from your website, blog, etc., copy and paste this link code (in red) and modify it to suit your needs:

echo Periodic Table of Elements: Copper - Cu (invernessgangshow.net)- Comprehensive information for the element Copper - Cu is provided by this page including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides and technical terms are linked to their definitions..

NOTICE: While linking to articles is encouraged, OUR ARTICLES MAY NOT BE COPIED TO OR REPUBLISHED ON ANOTHER WEBSITE UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.

PLEASE, if you like an article we published simply link to it on our website do not republish it.


25 years on the web


*

Please Share and/or Link To This Page


Please share and/or link to this page if you find it useful or informative.


Educators

We are a great educational resource! Use online or print pages out as classroom handouts. More info.

See more: How To See Emojis On Galaxy S2, How Do I See Emoji On My Galaxy S2

Career Listings


Biology careers in CAChemical Engineering careers in CAChemistry careers in CAEcologists careers in CAEducation careers in CAEnvironmental careers in CAEnvironmental Chemists careers in CAEnvironmental Compliance careers in CAEnvironmental Consultant careers in CAEnvironmental Engineering careers in CAEnvironmental Law careers in CAForestry careers in CAGIS careers in CAGovernment careers in CAHealth & Safety careers in CARegulatory Compliance careers in CARisk Management careers in CAScience careers in CA
Biology careers in UKChemical Engineering careers in UKChemistry careers in UKEcologists careers in UKEducation careers in UKEnvironmental careers in UKEnvironmental Consultant careers in UKEnvironmental Engineering careers in UKEnvironmental Law careers in UKGIS careers in UKHazardous Materials/Waste careers in UKHealth & Safety careers in UKRegulatory Compliance careers in UKRisk Management careers in UKScience careers in UK
Biomedical Engineering careers in USChemical Engineering careers in USChemistry careers in USConservation careers in USEcologists careers in USEmergency Management careers in USEnvironmental Careers careers in USEnvironmental Analyst careers in USEnvironmental Chemists careers in USEnvironmental Compliance careers in USEnvironmental Consultant careers in USEnvironmental Engineering careers in USEnvironmental Law careers in USEnvironmental Planning careers in USHealth & Safety careers in USNatural Resources careers in USNature Preserves careers in USRegulatory Compliance careers in USRisk Management careers in USSchool Principals careers in US
Job Listing Search:All CategoriesAccountingAdmin & ClericalBankingBiotechBroadcast/JournalismBusiness DevelopmentConstructionConsultantCustomer ServiceDesignDistribution/ShippingEducationEngineeringExecutiveFacilitiesFinanceGeneral BusinessGovernmentHealth CareHuman ResourcesInformation TechnologyInsuranceInventoryLegalManagementManufacturingMarketingNursePharmaceuticalProfessional ServicesPurchasing/ProcurementQA/Quality ControlResearchSalesScienceSupply ChainTelecommunicationsTrainingTransportationWarehouseCanadaIndiaU.K.U.S.

Featured

Periodic TableNitrogen Dioxide, Ozone & Lead Partner to Increase Pollution Dangers to Urban ChildrenHydrogen Fuel Cells: Energy of the Future

Go Green


RedecoratingPainting WallsReplacing CarpetsUpdating Light FixturesBathroom RenovationInstalling a low flow showerhead Switching to Renewable EnergyBuying local clean power electricityKitchen Renovation - Coming in 2010 or 2011Weatherization - Coming late 2009Energy AuditRevised ROI Calculations

Environmental Issues


ADA Recommendation for Fluoride in Infant DietsAsbestosAsbestos, a Brief History its Uses & Health RisksAsbestos, its Chemical & Physical PropertiesAsbestos: A Manufacturing Health Hazard Dating to Prehistoric TimesDry-Cleaning ChemicalsLooking Good, Feeling Bad; or, What"s the Problem with Perc?Are there Realistic Dry-Cleaning Alternatives to Perc?DuPont"s Teflon Cover-upNeurodevelopmental Disorders in Children: Autism & ADHDPCBs in the food you loveSeafood SafetyMercury in Fish vs. the Benefits of Fish OilsNorwegian Farmed Salmon Raises Global ConcernThe Dangers of Lawn Chemicals at Home
Biofueling to the futureCO2 Pollution and Global WarmingCompact Fluorescent Lights (CFLs): Are They Worth the Switch?Global Trends in Energy Technology InnovationHydrogen Fuel Cells: Energy of the Future
ChernobylChernobyl RevisitedAgricultural and Environmental ImpactA Turning PointFrom Bhopal to Hazardous Waste ComplianceLove Canal NY: Grownups Don"t Do Blue GooNew Orleans, Hurricane Katrina & the Oil Industry
Environmental Justice and the NIMBY PrinciplePrairie Dogs: Small mammal, big controversyPrairie Dogs: A Threatened Species or Public Health Nuisance?Prairie Dog Control: Non-Lethal TechniquesPrairie Dog Control: Lethal TechniquesCan Prairie Dogs be Managed Utilizing Reconciliation Ecology?Pseudoscience: A Threat to Our EnvironmentSorting out Science from Junk Science
Effects of Air Pollution on your healthClean Air Act Contributing to Mercury ProblemNitrogen Dioxide, Ozone & Lead Partner to Increase Pollution Dangers to Urban ChildrenThe Heat facing Outdoor Wood Furnaces & Boilers
PCBs in New York"s Hudson RiverIncreased Mercury Levels Attributed to Industrial ActivitiesEnvironmental Pollution of the Concord River
Guide to Handling Household ChemicalsHow Well Do You Know Recycled Paper?Protecting Wildlife from TrashPlastics - From Recycling Bin to New ProductRoHS: Europe"s Initiative to Control Technological WasteTreatment of Biohazardous WasteThe History of Waste

Chemistry


Anatomy of the AtomThe Chemistry of Polychlorinated BiphenylsMolar Mass Calculations and Molecular Weight CalculatorStoichiometry: Molarity, Molality and NormalityWhat You Do and Don"t Know About Fluorine
Chemical DatabaseChemistry DictionaryPeriodic Table of ElementsSort periodic table by: select orderAtomic RadiusBoiling PointCovalent RadiusCross SectionCrystal StructureDensityElectrical ConductivityEletronegativityFreezing PointHeat of VaporizationIonic RadiusIonization PotentialMass AverageMelting PointNamePeriodic TableSeriesSymbolThermal ConductivityYear of Discovery

Hazardous Materials


Household
Guide to Handling Household ChemicalsThe Dangers of Lawn Chemicals at Home
Industry
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)List materials byUN NumberMaterial Name49CFR USDOT Hazardous Materials TableUSDOT HazMat Placards Select Class/Div.1 Explosives2 Compressed Gas3 Flammable Liquid4 Flammable Solids5 Oxidizers6.1 Poisons7 Radioactives8 Corrosives9 MiscellaneousRelated MarkingsPlacarding QuizUSDOT HazMat Placards CD & training modulesExceptions, Exemptions and VariancesFMCSA HazMat Transportion Permit System
*